Borneol

CAS: 507-70-0, 124-76-5
FEMA No: 2157

Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene with a balsamy, camphor, herbal, woody scent. Borneol is commonly used in asian traditional medicine. Borneol has demonstrated more potent effects than the local anesthetic, lidocaine, and can also be eaten for its analgesic effects. Borneol has acted as an anticoagulant in stroke models, and alleviates the mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokines in general. The terpene has induced fungicidal activity against several species of fungi. In addition, borneol has elucidated to help drugs cross the blood brain barrier at a higher rate than without borneol.

ATTRIBUTES

Sources

Artemisia, Dipterocarpaceae, Blumea Balsamifera, Kaempferia Galanga

Aroma

Balsam, Camphor, Herbal, Woody

Flavor Profile

Camphor, Fragrant, Green, Polish

Benefit

Analgesic, Anti-cancer, Anti-inflammatory, Antifibrosis, Antifungal, Antocoagulant, Drug Potentiator

Research

Analgesic

Borneol’s effect on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in cow adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated. Borneol was found to inhibit a nAChR agonist, DMPP. Sodium increase and secretion of norepinephrine were inhibited by the terpenol. The results showed borneol to be more potent than a commonly used local anesthetic, lidocaine.

• Inhibition of acetylcholine-mediated effects by borneol

Anticoagulant

Borneol’s anticoagulant effects were demonstrated through inhibitory effects on arterio-venous shunt and venous thrombosis. Also prolonged the coagulation parameters for prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT)were seen in blood samples.

In another study borneol’s effects were explored with stroke induced rats.Borneol was shown to significantly ameliorated ischemic. Reduced levels of pro-inflammatory mediators was also seen.

• The synergetic effect of edaravone and borneol in the rat model of ischemic stroke
• The Antithrombotic Effect of Borneol Related to Its Anticoagulant Property Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0192415X08006181

Anti-Fibrosis

Borneol was deduced to inhibit fibroblasts mitosis, collagen and TIMP-1 production. In addition, borneol had no cytotoxicity on mice oral fibroblasts.

• Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis

Antifungal

Borneol was found to be non selective at inhibiting growth and development of reproductive stroma of the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. There was also significant antimycobacterial activity observed against Mycobacterium intracellulare.

• Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita Essential Oils

Anti-Inflammatory

Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to a compound to stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-6 and IL-8. Upon borneol administration the release of these pro-inflammatory interleukins was found to be reduced by more than 50%.

• Identification of 1,8-Cineole, Borneol, Camphor, and Thujone as Anti-inflammatory Compounds in a Salvia officinalis L. Infusion Using Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Anti-cancer

Borneol was Elucidated to help increase the cellular uptake of two anti-cancer natural compounds selenocysteine and bisdemethoxycurcumin in liver cancer cells.

• Natural borneol enhances bisdemethoxycurcumin-induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through up-regulation of intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells
• Natural Borneol, a Monoterpenoid Compound, Potentiates Selenocystine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Enhancement of Cellular Uptake and Activation of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage

Drug Potentiator

Passing the blood brain barrier is important in administering many drugs. Borneol was proven to help increase concentrations of a polar natural compound kaempferol in rat brains. The total concentration of drug increased 2.09 and 3.18 and the brain-to-blood distribution ratio increased by 48.68% and 57.97% .

• Improved blood–brain barrier distribution: Effect of borneol on the brain pharmacokinetics of kaempferol in rats by in vivo microdialysis sampling

synergy

Synergistic effects with…

Other Terpenes

Edaravone, in preventing stroke

SCIENCE

Monoterpene

• Formula: C10H18O
• Molecular Mass: 154.25 g/mol
• Relative Density: 1.011 g/cm3 at 20 C
• Melting Point: 208 C
• Boiling Point: 213 C
• Flash Point: 65 C

Synonyms

Borneol is also know by these other names

• Camphol
• d-borneol
• endo-borneol
• 507-70-0 [RN]
• Baros camphor
• Borneo camphor
• bornyl alcohol
• Malayan camphor
• Bhimsaim camphor
• (1R,2S,4R)-borneol
• 208-080-0 [EINECS]
• Dryobalanops camphor
• (1R-endo)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol
• (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
• Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R,2S,4R)- [ACD/Index Name]

SAFETY

LD50: 1,059 mg/kg

DISCUSSION

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